Barnwell is a city located in Barnwell County, South Carolina. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 5,035. It is the county seat of Barnwell County.
Barnwell is located at 33°14'40" North, 81°21'48" West (33.244534, -81.363214).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 20.2 km2 (7.8 mi2). 19.8 km2 (7.6 mi2) of it is land and 0.4 km2 (0.1 mi2) of it is water. The total area is 1.80% water.
As of the census of 2000, there are 5,035 people, 2,035 households, and 1,353 families residing in the city. The population density is 254.8/km2 (659.5/mi2). There are 2,304 housing units at an average density of 116.6/km2 (301.8/mi2). The racial makeup of the city is 49.81% White, 47.37% African American, 0.40% Native American, 1.05% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.34% from other races, and 0.99% from two or more races. 0.62% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There are 2,035 households out of which 34.3% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.2% are married couples living together, 22.1% have a female householder with no husband present, and 33.5% are non-families. 30.2% of all households are made up of individuals and 12.5% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.42 and the average family size is 3.01.
In the city the population is spread out with 28.4% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 14.8% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 35 years. For every 100 females there are 86.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 79.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city is $26,722, and the median income for a family is $37,841. Males have a median income of $35,039 versus $21,912 for females. The per capita income for the city is $17,709. 22.0% of the population and 20.4% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 30.5% of those under the age of 18 and 16.7% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.
History:
The county was originally part of Orangeburg District, and in 1785 it was named Winton County. It was given its current name in 1798 when the County and its seat were named for Revolutionary War leader John Barnwell (1748-1800). Barnwell County, originally stretched from the Savannah River on the west almost to the Atlantic Ocean.
The South Carolina Railroad built in 1832, connected Charleston to Hamburg on the Savannah River. Hamburg was near Augusta GA. This was the first steam railroad in the world. The railroad went through the middle of the county and two stops on the railroad created the towns of Blackville and Williston in the mid-nineteenth century.
Built in 1858, the sundial in Barnwell, South Carolina is the only remaining vertical freestanding sundial in the USA. It was surrounded by a parking lot in the 1960's but in the 1990s the Town of Barnwell removed the parking lot, building a park, and made the sundial a focal point of a park.
Civil War Period:
Barnwell gave generously to the Confederate cause; the most distinguished was General Johnson Hagood who later as governor gave to the state. Soon after his election, one of Hagood's constituents asked him if he wished to be called "General" or "Governor". "Call me General," he said, with a twinkle in his eye, "I fought for that and begged for the other."
Barnwell was hated by General Sherman who felt that the town of Barnwell should be burnt to the ground since it carried the name of one of the most prominent politicians of the time who demanded South Carolina's withdraw from the Union. When MAJ Kilpatrick's Cavalry marched through Barnwell they used the Church of the Holy Apostles, erected in 1856, as a stable for his horses. The hoof prints are still visible in the floors. The medieval font in the church was used to water the horses. The church is on the National Register and is built of cypress wood from the local swamps.
Barnwell County has decreased in size over the years as new counties were created within its boundaries (Aiken in 1871, Bamberg in 1897 and Allendale in 1919).
In 1950 the federal government asked E.I. DuPont to build and operate a plutonium production plant near the Savannah River in South Carolina. The company had unmatched expertise in atomic energy, having designed and built the plutonium production complex at Hanford, Washington, for the Manhattan Project during World War II. A large portion of farmland was bought under Imminent Domain and converted to the Savannah River Site managed by the Atomic Energy Commission.
Several towns and over 100 cemeteries were relocated during this time. Dunbarton and Ellenton are but two. Dunbarton was the town in which Duncannon was located Once a sprawling wildlife preserve and early 19th century plantation. President Bush, Sr. with his brother used to visit his grandfather Walker at the plantation. He and his family spent many Christmases there. Sherman allegedly spared the plantation, built in 1835, because a woman and sick child were resting in a bedroom upstairs
US Army soldiers were brought into the county and were used as guards at this new facility. A camp was constructed for the soldiers off of Clinton Street in an area of the Little Salkehatchie swamp called O'Bannon Point. Most locals call this road Barracks Road. Many of these troops ETS'd (were discharged) and stayed on at SRP as civilian guards.
Dupont ran the Savannah River Site till 1989 and Westinghouse began the management of the facilities for the Department of Energy. The Savannah River Plant changed its name to the Savannah River Site. It was once one of the largest employers in the county.
The county was the home of several powerful state politicians, known collectively as the "Barnwell Ring." Included were state Senator Edgar A. Brown (1888-1975), Speaker of the House Solomon Blatt (1895-1986), and Governor Joseph E. Harley (1880-1942).
The South Carolina poet and novelist, William Gilmore Simms, lived most of his life in the county. The county was also home Louis M. Shook, first Baptist missionary ever sent to China. Mr. Shook is buried in the Baptist churchyard in Barnwell.
Source:
BarnwellSouthCarolina.com
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